The connection between IBS and neurodivergence

Do you wonder if there is a link between neurodivergence and IBS? We got you! 

In this article, you will learn what neurodivergence is, whether it overlaps with IBS and why this connection may exist. 

Lastly, we share useful tips on how to help improve symptoms and support a better quality of life. 

What is neurodivergence?

Neurodivergence is a term used to describe when a person’s brain processes information, learns, and behaves differently from what is considered “typical” and reflects the natural diversity of human brains (1).

Neurodivergence includes a range of neurological and developmental differences, the most common are (1):

• Autism Spectrum Disorder
• Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
• Learning differences like dyslexia (problems with reading)

Neurodivergent individuals often experience both strengths and challenges.

Strengths may include strong focus and creativity, while challenges can include sensory sensitivities and a higher risk of anxiety or depression (1).

Is IBS more common in people who are neurodivergent?

Research suggests that gastrointestinal problems, including IBS, may occur more frequently in neurodivergent populations—particularly among individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder and people with ADHD (2, 3, 4). 

A large population study from 2020 found that IBS was about 67% more common in people with ADHD compared to controls (4). 

The prevalence of IBS was 2.63% in the ADHD group versus 1.56% in the non-ADHD group, suggesting a significant link between ADHD and functional gastrointestinal disorders (4).

Several factors may contribute to this overlap.

1. The Gut-brain axis in Neurodivergence and IBS

How your gut functions is closely connected to the nervous system through the gut–brain axis. 

Differences in how the nervous system regulates stress and sensory input may influence gut motility, pain perception, and digestive function (2). 

These gut–brain signalling differences also play an important role in IBS symptoms.

2. Alterations in the gut microbiota

Emerging research suggests that differences in the gut microbiota may also play a role, as it impacts (5, 6):

• Communication along the gut–brain axis
• Metabolism 
• Gut inflammation

The main gut microbiota differences observed in neurodivergent populations (especially autism and, to a lesser extent, ADHD) are patterns in microbiota composition and diversity (6).

Although differences in gut microbiota have been observed in neurodivergent populations, findings are not always consistent. Variations in study design, sample size, diet, and diagnostic criteria may contribute to these mixed results (6).

3. Higher stress load

Stress is a well-known trigger for IBS symptoms, causing symptoms via the gut-brain axis.

Many neurodivergent individuals experience higher levels of ongoing stress related to sensory overload, social masking, and navigating environments designed primarily for neurotypical people (5, 7). 

4. Genetics

A study from 2024 found that Autism Spectrum Disorder and IBS share some overlapping genetic risk factors, suggesting common biological pathways may influence both (3). 

These shared genes may be involved in brain development and gut–brain communication (8). 

However, the findings do not show that one condition directly causes the other; rather, they may co-occur due to shared genetic influences.

If you would like to learn more about ADHD and IBS specifically, check out this article:  ADHD and IBS (With practical tips for managing IBS symptoms)

How to improve IBS if you are neurodivergent

Managing IBS when you are neurodivergent often requires a more flexible and individualised approach. 

Moreover, neurodivergence is not one single experience. For example, the needs of someone with ADHD may differ from those of someone with autism.

There is also a wide spectrum of support needs and sensitivity levels. One person with autism may manage small changes in routine with little difficulty, while another may find even minor changes highly stressful or unmanageable. 

This is why personalised approaches are essential.

1. Set SMART goals

SMART stands for specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound goals. 

Instead of trying to change everything at once, SMART goals break changes into small, clear, and realistic steps. 

This makes routines easier to follow, reduces overwhelm, and helps build consistent habits over time.

Using tools such as to-do lists, planners, or reminders can help you stay organised and make it easier to put SMART goals into practice. 

2. Have structured and regular meals

Eating at regular times throughout the day helps regulate the digestive system. If maintaining regular meals is challenging for you, setting reminders such as a phone alarm can help establish a consistent routine.

Structured meals can also reduce decision fatigue and make eating more predictable, which may help lower stress and support more consistent nutrition intake.

For some people, keeping ready-to-eat low FODMAP meals on hand can make this easier. Examples include Field Doctor in the UK and ModifyHealth in the US.

If you struggle with consistent fibre intake, fibre supplements like psyllium husk or LOAM can help you fill the gap.

3. Ensure good hydration throughout the day.

Drinking enough fluids throughout the day helps maintain normal digestion and can be particularly helpful for those experiencing constipation. 

Daily fluid needs are roughly 30–35 ml per kilogram of body weight, although individual needs may vary.

Keeping water easily accessible, carrying a water bottle, or setting reminders (such as a phone alarm or app) can help support consistent hydration throughout the day.

4. Have a good sleep routine.

Establishing a consistent sleep routine—such as going to bed and waking up at similar times each day—can help support both gut and nervous system regulation. 

Creating a calming wind-down routine and reducing stimulation before bed may also improve sleep quality. 

5. Be gentle to yourself

This is especially important as being neurodivergent and living with IBS can both affect daily routines, stress levels, and how symptoms are experienced.

Being too strict with yourself can lead to frustration or burnout. Self-kindness helps reduce pressure and makes it easier to stay consistent with small, realistic changes over time.

6. Regular movement

Regular, gentle movement can help support digestive function, nervous system regulation and help reduce stress and sensory overload. 

Activities such as walking, stretching, yoga, or light strength training can all be beneficial, depending on individual preference.

The most helpful type of movement is one that feels accessible, enjoyable, and sustainable rather than forced or overly structured. 

7. Mindfulness practise

Mindfulness does not need to be formal meditation. It can include simple practices such as focused breathing, noticing sensory input in the present moment, or taking short pauses during the day to slow down and reset. 

The goal is not to eliminate symptoms, but to reduce overwhelm and improve regulation over time.

8. Reducing sensory overload

Since stress can contribute to IBS symptoms, making small adjustments to reduce sensory demands may be helpful.

For example, wearing earplugs or noise-cancelling headphones at work can help reduce background noise and prevent feelings of overwhelm.

9. Work with a health professional where you have the most difficulties.

Support from a registered dietitian experienced in working with neurodivergent clients can be particularly helpful when managing IBS, as strategies need to be adapted to individual needs, preferences, and routines.

It can be especially useful to focus support on the areas that feel most challenging, such as meal planning, sensory-related food difficulties, or stress management.

It may also be helpful to speak with your GP about possible treatment options, including medication, to help manage the mental and emotional burden of symptoms.

Summary

Neurodivergence and IBS often overlap due to shared factors. 

Understanding this connection supports more individualised approaches that address both digestive and nervous system needs. 

Working with a qualified healthcare professional can further help tailor strategies to individual symptoms, routines, and sensory preferences.

Written by Barbara Lešnik, RD, MSc, reviewed by Kirsten Jackson, Consultant Dietitian, BSc Hons, RD, PG Cert